National Counselor Exam (NCE)

What model does the DSM system of diagnosis primarily rely on?

1. The behavioral model

2. The humanistic model

3. The medical model

4. The cognitive model

The correct answer is: The medical model

The DSM system of diagnosis primarily relies on the medical model. This model views psychological disorders as diseases that can be diagnosed based on symptoms, which are systematically categorized and defined in the DSM. The medical model emphasizes understanding mental health issues through a biological and pathological lens, focusing on the underlying neurological and genetic factors that contribute to mental health conditions. By utilizing a standardized classification and diagnostic criteria, the DSM assists clinicians in identifying and labeling mental health disorders, facilitating research, treatment planning, and communication among professionals. This model is grounded in the belief that understanding the medical aspects of a disorder can lead to more effective treatments, often involving medications or other medical interventions alongside therapeutic approaches. The other models mentioned focus on different perspectives of psychological functioning. For example, the behavioral model revolves around observable behavior and the effects of the environment, while the humanistic model emphasizes individual experience and personal growth. The cognitive model focuses on thought processes and how they influence emotions and behaviors. Each of these models has its merits, but the primary structure and methodology of the DSM align closely with the medical model, making it the foundational approach for diagnosis within the system.