National Counselor Exam (NCE)

Which of the following practices is NOT considered a behavioral therapy?

1. Behavioral modification

2. Unconditional positive regard

3. Exposure therapy

4. Cognitive behavioral therapy

The correct answer is: Unconditional positive regard

Unconditional positive regard is identified as the correct answer because it is a concept primarily associated with humanistic therapy, particularly Carl Rogers' person-centered approach. This practice emphasizes acceptance and support of a client regardless of what they say or do, fostering a therapeutic environment that promotes self-discovery and self-acceptance. In contrast, the other practices listed are all rooted in behavioral therapy. Behavioral modification employs specific techniques to change maladaptive behaviors through reinforcement and punishment. Exposure therapy involves gradually exposing a client to feared stimuli to help them overcome anxiety and fear responses, which is a core principle of behavioral approaches. Cognitive behavioral therapy integrates behavioral techniques with cognitive strategies, aiming to change both thoughts and behaviors that contribute to psychological issues. Thus, the essence of the question distinguishes unconditional positive regard, which operates within a different theoretical framework, from practices that directly utilize behavioral interventions to modify behavior.