National Counselor Exam (NCE)

Which psychological theory emphasizes the importance of self-actualization?

1. Behaviorism

2. Psychoanalysis

3. Humanistic psychology

4. Cognitive psychology

The correct answer is: Humanistic psychology

Humanistic psychology emphasizes the importance of self-actualization, which is the process of realizing one’s own potential and seeking personal growth and fulfillment. This theory was notably advanced by psychologists like Abraham Maslow, who proposed a hierarchy of needs, with self-actualization at the top. According to Maslow, only when basic psychological and safety needs are met can individuals pursue higher-order needs leading to self-actualization. In contrast, behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors and the influence of environmental factors on behavior, without delving into the internal experiences or personal growth aspirations individuals might have. Psychoanalysis centers around unconscious processes and conflicts, primarily stemming from childhood experiences, rather than self-actualization. Cognitive psychology examines mental processes such as thinking, memory, and problem-solving but does not prioritize self-actualization as a central concept. Thus, humanistic psychology is distinctive in its focus on personal growth and the intrinsic desire to fulfill one's potential.